Spiral (railway)

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A spiral (sometimes called a spiral loop or just loop) is a technique employed by railways to ascend steep hills.

A railway spiral rises on a steady curve until it has completed a loop, passing over itself as it gains height, allowing the railway to gain vertical elevation in a relatively short horizontal distance. It is an alternative to a zig-zag, and avoids the need for the trains to stop and reverse direction while ascending. If the train is longer than the length of each loop it may be possible to view it looping above itself.

The term "loop" is also often used for a railway that curves sharply and goes back on itself: If the railway crosses itself, then it forms a spiral; otherwise, it forms the much more common horseshoe curve or bend.

A spiral loop is not the same as the transition spiral or spiral easement used to provide a transition from a tangent into a horizontal circular curve. Spiral easement is used to avoid abrupt changes in the sideward acceleration experienced by a railway vehicle and the passengers in the vehicle approaching the horizontal circular curve and to prevent abrupt forces and discomfort.

Video Spiral (railway)

List of spirals

Argentina

2 spirals between Tacuara and Meseta at 24°26?10?S 65°50?28?W and 24°23?17?S 65°51?01?W on the heritage Tren a las Nubes section of the Salta-Antofagasta railway part of the General Manuel Belgrano Railway.

Australia

Spiral on the uphill track at Bethrunga 34°45?17?S 147°52?13?E on the Main Southern railway line, New South Wales. The downhill track remains on the original steep plain 1 in 40 gradient.
Spiral on the single track at Cougal 28°21?16?S 152°57?51?E on the North Coast railway line, New South Wales.

Bulgaria

Four Spirals on the Rhodope Mountain Line between Septemvri to Dobrinishte railway between Velingrad and Cherna Mesta at 42°02?36?N 23°51?12?E, 42°02?27?N 23°50?30?E, 42°02?14?N 23°44?48?E and 42°02?53?N 23°44?10?E.
Spiral just outside Klisura at 42°42?02?N 24°27?35?E on the Sofia to Tulovo railway.
Spiral just outside Radevtsi at 42°47?46?N 25°32?38?E on the Ruse to Dimitrovgrad railway.
Spiral and horseshoe bends just outside Raduntsi at 42°40?37?N 25°35?41?E on the Ruse to Dimitrovgrad railway.

Canada

Double spiral at Big Hill at 51°25?28?N 116°25?17?W on the approach to Kicking Horse Pass on the Canadian Pacific Railway route.
There used to be a spiral at 48°21?57?N 53°23?45?W at Trinity, Newfoundland on the former Newfoundland Railway.
There used to be a spiral at Rogers Pass at 51°18?05?N 117°47?29?W that was superseded when the Connaught Tunnel (British Columbia) was built.

China

Spiral South of Baoji at 34°16?39?N 106°58?09?E on the Baoji-Chengdu Railway.
Spiral South of Baishiyan at 28°46?05?N 102°34?25?E on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
Spiral at Lewu at 28°17?52?N 102°37?21?E on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
Spiral at Wazu at 28°11?54?N 102°33?58?E on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
Spiral at Tiekou at 28°13?49?N 102°31?54?E on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
2 spirals near Heijing at 25°26?15?N 101°44?52?E on the Chengdu-Kunming Railway.
Spiral at Shangshali at 48°47?36?N 121°43?39?E on the Harbin-Manzhouli Railway.
There used to be a series of spirals on the Southern Xinjiang Railway between Turpan and Korla. This line was rebuilt on a shorter route in 2014.

There used to be a spiral at Guanjiao at 37°05?04?N 98°52?25?E on the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. (see photo).

Croatia

Spiral between Rijeka-Brajdica and Su?ak-Pe?ine at 45°19?23?N 14°26?57?E on the Rijeka-Karlovac railway, part of International corridor V. The spiral is mainly in a 1838m long tunnel.

France

Three spirals on the Col de Tende line between Ventimiglia to Cuneo as it passes through France, a further spiral on this line is in Italy.
- Just North of Fontan at 44°00?58?N 7°33?58?E.
- Saint Dalmas-de-Tende at 44°03?28?N 7°35?38?E.
- Tende at 44°05?55?N 7°35?44?E.
Spiral at Moûtiers at 45.485628°N 6.540444°E / 45.485628; 6.540444 between Albertville and Bourg-Saint-Maurice used by TGV.
There used to be a spiral in the Sayerce tunnel at 42°50?54?N 0°32?46?W on the former Pau-Canfranc railway line between Pau and Zaragoza (Spain) in the Pyrenees. This spiral is now a footpath.
The proposed spirals between The Gravenne and Montpezat at 44.695047°N 4.21797°E / 44.695047; 4.21797 on the partly completed Transcevenole line between Le Puy-en-Velay and Lalevade-d'Ardèche in the Cévennes were never constructed.

Germany

Spiral, known as the Rendsburg Loop, on the northern approach to the Rendsburg High Bridge, a railway viaduct and transporter bridge crossing the Kiel Canal in Rendsburg, Schleswig-Holstein at 54°17?58?N 9°40?37?E.
Spiral on the Wutach Valley Railway at 47°47?30?N 8°30?07?E. The line was built partly for strategic reasons and had to be built to a reasonable gradient in order to haul heavy military trains over it. The alternative, shorter Singen-Waldshut route was not available for this traffic, since it crossed Swiss territory. The line is now a heritage railway.

India

There are currently three spirals on the Darjeeling Himalayan Railway:
- Chunbati Loop at 26°50?30?N 88°20?28?E.
- Agony Point at 26°51?28?N 88°19?40?E.
- Batasia Loop at 27°01?00?N 88°14?50?E.

The Darjeeling Himalayan Railway originally had five or six spirals but only five in operation at any one time. The line also has six reverses or zig-zags.

There used to be a spiral at Dhulghat at 21°16?58?N 76°45?41?E between Khandwa and Hingoli on the metre gauge railway, the spiral was apparently removed when the track was upgraded to broad gauge.

Iran

Spiral, and extensive horseshoe bends, near Dowgal station at 35°52?34?N 52°57?20?E on the Trans-Iranian Railway.

Ireland

The St. James's Gate Brewery, Dublin, Ireland formerly had an internal 1 ft 10 in (559 mm) gauge railway with a loop in a tunnel to gain height between buildings.

Italy

Spiral at Bortigiadas 40°53?31?N 9°03?23?E on the Sassari-Palau railway on Sardinia.
Spiral near Lanusei 39°52?21?N 9°32?27?E on the Mandas-Gairo-Arbatax railway on Sardinia.
Varzo Spiral Tunnel near Iselle di Trasquera 46°12?45?N 8°13?37?E on the Swiss Federal Railways just South of the Southern Portal of the Simplon Tunnel.
Spiral near Vernante 44°14?12?N 7°32?25?E on the Col de Tende railway from Ventimiglia to Cuneo. There are a further three spirals on this line in French territory.
Spiral close to Savona at 44°19?45?N 8°26?51?E on the Savona-Altare line.
Spiral just North of Salerno at 40°41?45?N 14°45?59?E on the Salerno-Mercato San Severino railway.
Spiral at Ragusa at 36°55?11?N 14°44?12?E on the approach to Ragusa from Modica on Sicily.
Spiral between Medaglie d'Oro and Salvator Rosa at 40°50?52?N 14°13?52?E on Line 1 of Naples Metro. Vanvitelli and Quattro Giornale stations are on the loop itself.
Spiral at Casole Bruzio 39°16?42?N 16°20?22?E on the Cosenza to San Giovanni in Fiore line (line exists but is not in service).
There were three spirals at 42°44?29?N 12°46?58?E Caprareccia and 42°44?29?N 12°49?12?E and 42°44?45?N 12°49?13?E near San Martino on the former Spoleto-Norcia line.

Japan

Spiral South of Echigo-Nakazato at 36°53?49?N 138°50?08?E on the Tokyo bound J?etsu Line.
Spiral at Yubiso at 36°48?21?N 138°59?33?E on the Tokyo-bound J?etsu Line.
Spiral South of Tsuruga Station at 35°36?43?N 136°04?15?E on the Hokuriku Main Line to Shin-Hikida Station.
Spiral at Okoba Station at 32°09?57?N 130°46?52?E on the Hisatsu Line. Okoba Station is situated on a zig zag part way around the loop.
Spiral on the Nakamura Line just after its junction with the Yodo Line at 33°09?35?N 133°05?27?E.
Spiral on the western approach to the Rainbow Bridge at 35°38?15?N 139°45?15?E on New Transit Yurikamome automated transit service in Tokyo.

Kenya

Three spirals on the Kenya to Uganda 1,000 mm (3 ft 3 ³/₈ in) gauge Railway Line, originally known as the Uganda Railway despite being wholly in Kenya, then as the Kenya and Uganda Railways and Harbours followed by a time as the East African Railways and Harbours Corporation before being split into the Kenya Railways Corporation and Uganda Railways Corporation. The spirals are at:

Spiral South of Mazeras at 3°59?44?S 39°32?39?E near Mombasa.
Spiral near Makutano station at : 0°02?36?S 35°38?29?E.
Spiral near Equator station at 0°00?26?S 35°33?04?E.

This railway has ceased operations and has been superseded by the Mombasa-Nairobi Standard Gauge Railway which has removed the need for spirals by constructing tunnels and bridges.

South Korea

Spiral at Geumdae 2nd Tunnel at 37°16?26?N 128°01?18?E between Geumgyo station and Chiak station on Jungang Line. There is one loop on a single track railway. A new double track tunnel is under construction to replace loop tunnel.
Spiral at Daegang Tunnel at 36°55?15?N 128°22?46?E between Danseong station and Jungnyeong station on the Jungang Line;- one loop, single track.
Spiral at Hambaek 1st Tunnel at 37°13?19?N 128°42?10?E between Hambaek station and Jodong station on the Hambaek Line;- one loop, single track.
Spiral at Solan Tunnel at 37°09?31?N 129°01?51?E between East Baeksan station and Dogye station on the Yeongdong Line. There is one loop on a single track railway but double track is installed in the middle of the tunnel to enable trains from opposing directions to pass each other.

Madagascar

Spiral at Anjiro at 18°51?57?S 47°58?00?E on the main line from Antananarivo to Toamasina.

Mexico

Spiral between Creel and San Rafael at 27°39?17?N 107°44?21?W on the Ferrocarril Chihuahua al Pacífico.

Myanmar

One spiral on the Burma Mines Railway at 23°06?13?N 97°19?23?E.
One spiral close to Shwenyaung at 20°44?06?N 96°51?48?E on the Thazi-Taunggyi line.

New Zealand

Raurimu Spiral at 39°07?13?S 175°24?04?E on the North Island Main Trunk. The line is single track and involves two short tunnels around a suitable hill.
Spiral on the Driving Creek Railway at 36°44?07?S 175°30?20?E. This railway also has several reverses or zig-zags.
There used to be a spiral on the Ellis and Burnand Tramway, Ongarue, which closed in 1958 and is now part of the Timber Trail.

Norway

Spiral on the Flåm Line between Myrdal and Flåm at 60°44?38?N 7°07?53?E.

Russia

Spiral just north of Indyuk at 44°14?48?N 39°14?32?E on the North Caucasus Railway route from Tuapse

(T?????) through Gornyy to Belorechensk (???????????).

Serbia

Spiral at Jatare at 43°48?03?N 19°31?11?E on the ?argan Eight Heritage Railway in Western Serbia between from Mokra Gora and ?argan Vitasi.

Slovakia

Spiral at Telgártska slu?ka at 48°51?18?N 20°11?28?E on the Brezno to Gelnica Line. The spiral is constructed of two viaducts and a 1,200m tunnel.

South Africa

Spiral near Komga at 32°32?04?S 27°59?32?E on the branch line to Mthatha as it descends to the Great Kei River.
Spiral at Van Reenen's Pass at 28°22?15?S 29°23?17?E on the line from Harrismith to Ladysmith.

Spain

Spiral near Toses at 42°19?31?N 2°01?51?E on the Ripoll to Latour-de-Carol, France line.
Spiral at La Granja de San Vicente at 42°36?18?N 6°17?18?W on the Palencia to A Coruña line.

Sri Lanka

Spiral at Demodara railway station at 6°54?10?N 81°03?47?E on the line from Bandarawela to Badulla. Demodara railway station is located above the spiral tunnel.

Switzerland

The Gotthard railway has spirals and horseshoe curves or bends mostly in tunnels on its standard gauge, double track line. The spirals are:
- North of Wassen at Pfaffensprung on the Northern approach at 46°43?19?N 8°36?34?E, this loop is followed by two horseshoe bends around Wassen.
- Piottino spirals on the Southern approach at 46°29?41?N 8°44?13?E and at 46°29?11?N 8°46?08?E.
- Double spiral at Anzonico at 46°25?25?N 8°51?43?E.
RhB Albulabahn has four spirals, mainly in tunnels, on its metre gauge single track. The spirals are at:
- Filisur at 46°40?31?N 9°41?07?E.
- South of Bergün at 46°36?11?N 9°43?03?E.
- Double spiral North of Preda at 46°35?47?N 9°44?33?E.
- It could also be argued that the horseshoe curves immediately South of Bergün at 46°37?17?N 9°45?09?E also form a spiral as it appears that one curve overlaps the other.
Brusio spiral viaduct at 46°15?05?N 10°07?15?E on RhB Berninabahn. This is a fine example of an open spiral mainly on the Brusio spiral viaduct on a metre gauge single track railway.
Spiral South of Gletsch at 46°33?28?N 8°21?18?E on the former Furka Oberalp Bahn, now Dampfbahn Furka-Bergstrecke Heritage Railway. This is a single track partial rack railway with the catenary equipment removed.
Spiral East of Grengiols at 46°22?41?N 8°05?42?E on the former Furka Oberalp Bahn, now Matterhorn Gotthard Bahn, between Grengiols and Lax.

Taiwan

Triple spiral at Dulishan at 23°32?11?N 120°36?07?E on the Alishan Forest Railway.

Uganda

There used to be a spiral at Circle Hill 0°11?25?N 30°21?48?E on the Western Uganda Extension of the Kenya to Uganda Railway Line to Kasese.

United Kingdom

Spiral around Dduallt railway station at 52°57?37?N 3°58?07?W on the Ffestiniog Railway in Wales.
The line at 50°26?43?N 4°28?37?W from Moorswater cement terminal, through Coombe Junction and Liskeard on the Looe Valley Line and on over Moorswater Viaduct forms a complete spiral, climbing up to join the main line at Liskeard. Not all parts are used by passenger trains.

United States

Tehachapi Loop, at Tehachapi, California at 35°12?03?N 118°32?13?W on the former Southern Pacific Railroad, now part of Union Pacific Railroad.
Williams Loop, east of East Quincy, California at 39°54?36?N 120°48?29?W on the former Western Pacific Railroad now part of Union Pacific Railroad.
Hiwassee Loop, 2 miles NNE of Farner, Tennessee at 35°10?53?N 84°17?59?W on the former Atlanta, Knoxville and Northern Railway now operated as a heritage site by the Tennessee Valley Railroad Museum.
Georgetown Loop, at Georgetown, Colorado at 39°42?02?N 105°42?32?W on the former Colorado Central Railroad. The spiral was completed in 1884, abandoned and dismantled in 1939, rebuilt between 1972 and 1984 and is now owned by History Colorado and operated as the Georgetown Loop Railroad.
The MAX Red Line, a light rail line in Portland, Oregon, loops over itself at 45°31?51?N 122°33?49?W in the vicinity of the Gateway Transit Center.
There used to be a spiral at Riflesight Notch Loop (track dismantled) at Rollinsville, Colorado on the former Denver and Salt Lake Railway route over Rollins Pass. The spiral was bypassed by the Moffat Tunnel, built in 1928. The spiral was abandoned and the track was dismantled in 1935.
There used to be a spiral called Double Circle, a.k.a. Double Loop, or The Golden Circle, east of Eureka, Utah on the former Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad. It was bypassed in 1940 and subsequently dismantled.
There used to be spiral on the Roaring Camp Railroad at 37°02?33?N 122°03?54?W. The spiral was completed in 1963. The spiral was bypassed by two switchbacks after a trestle fire in 1976.

Maps Spiral (railway)

References

Timp-Torne/Dunderberg Spiral Railway/R-D Trail Short Loop from ...

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External links

Helixes, Tunnels, Spirals, and Other Unique Trackage

Source of article : Wikipedia

Spiral (railway)

Friday, July 20, 2018

Spiral (railway)

Video Spiral (railway)